Informative Articles

Unfortunately, scars are a fact of life. Their main purpose is to reconnect skin that has been injured. Initially, they may be red or dark and rose after the injury has been cured but will become paler and flatter naturally over time, resulting in a flat, pale scar.

For reasons that are still not completely understood, some people develop raised scars that are red and thick and may be itchy or painful. Others form scars that grow beyond the site of an injury, called keloid scars.

Keloid scars are actually thick, itchy, puckered scars that grow beyond the edges of an injury or incision and rarely regress. They occur when the body keeps producing tough, fibrous protein (known as collagen) after an injury has healed.

Keloid scars can result from any kind of injury to the skin, including scratches, tattoos, insect bites, injections or medical procedures, etc. Keloid scars can show anywhere on the body, but most commonly occur over the breastbone, on earlobes and on shoulders.

Keloids are fibrotic tumors characterized by a mass of aberrant fibroblasts with high deposition of extracellular matrix components, mainly elastin, fibronectin, collagen, and proteoglycans. Histologically, keloids have relatively acellular centers and thick, abundant collagen accumulations that create nodules in the deep skin section of the lesion. Keloids present a clinical challenge that must be addressed as these lesions can produce significant pain, pruritus (itch) and physical disfigurement, may not improve in appearance over time, and can even restrict mobility if located over a joint.

Unlike keloids, hypertropic scars are confined to the injured site and usally flatten out over time. Hypertrophic scars can be hard to distinguish from keloid scars histologically and biochemically because both kinds produce larger quantities of collagen than normal scars. Both can be caused|the result of surgery, accidents and even acne.

Hypertrophic scars, however, will usually exhibit declining collagen production after about six months. Hypertrophic scars have about twice as much glycosaminoglycans as normal scars, and this and increased synthetic and enzymatic reactions produce significant alterations in the matrix which alters the mechanical properties of the scars, including decreased extensibility that makes them feel firm.

As with hypertrophic scarring, people having one keloid scar are likely to be prone to this scars in the future and should speak with their doctor or surgeon if they are likely to need injections or to have any kind of surgery.

Atrophic scars are recognized by a thinning and reduced elasticity of the skin due to an alteration of regular skin architecture. An example of an atrophic scar is striae distensae, also known as stretch marks. This type of scar can also be produced by acne lesions.

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